Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya, an ancient Buddhist temple located near Colombo, Sri Lanka, is a site of immense historical, cultural, and religious significance. Revered by Buddhists across the island and beyond, this sacred sanctuary attracts countless devotees and tourists each year. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the rich history, architectural marvels, cultural significance, and practical tips for visiting Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya.
The Rich History of Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya
Ancient Origins
Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya’s origins can be traced back over 2,500 years. According to historical records and Buddhist chronicles, the temple was established during the reign of King Yatala Tissa. It is believed that Lord Buddha himself visited the site during his third visit to Sri Lanka, making it one of the most venerated locations on the island.
Destruction and Rebuilding
Throughout its long history, Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya has faced periods of destruction and rebuilding. The temple was destroyed during the Portuguese colonial period in the 16th century but was later restored to its former glory by the Dutch and British colonizers. The current structure, with its magnificent features, is a testament to the resilience and devotion of the Sri Lankan people.
The Dambakola Patuna and Kelaniya Connection
The temple is also linked to the arrival of Sanghamitta, the daughter of Emperor Ashoka of India, who brought a sapling of the sacred Bodhi tree to Sri Lanka. This sapling was planted at Anuradhapura, but its journey is believed to have included a stop at Kelaniya, further cementing the temple’s importance in Buddhist history.
Architectural Marvels of Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya
The Main Shrine Room
The main shrine room of Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya is a breathtaking space adorned with intricate frescoes and vibrant murals. These artworks depict various scenes from the life of the Buddha, Jataka tales, and significant events in the history of the temple. The serene atmosphere of the shrine room provides a perfect setting for meditation and reflection.
The Reclining Buddha Statue
One of the most iconic features of Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya is the colossal reclining Buddha statue. This impressive sculpture, measuring over 18 meters in length, symbolizes the Buddha’s final moments before attaining Parinirvana. The statue’s serene expression and detailed craftsmanship make it a focal point for visitors.
The Stupa
The temple’s stupa, or dagoba, is another architectural marvel. The stupa, which enshrines relics of the Buddha, is a symbol of the Buddha’s presence and teachings. The stupa’s elegant design and the lush gardens surrounding it create a tranquil environment for worship and contemplation.
The Image House
The image house, or Vihara Mandiraya, is a treasure trove of Buddhist art and iconography. The walls are adorned with colorful paintings and statues of various deities, illustrating the rich cultural heritage of Sri Lankan Buddhism. The intricate carvings and vibrant colors of the image house leave a lasting impression on all who visit.
Cultural and Religious Significance
The Duruthu Perahera
One of the most significant events associated with Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya is the annual Duruthu Perahera. Held in January, this grand procession commemorates the first visit of the Buddha to Sri Lanka. The Perahera features traditional dancers, drummers, elephants, and devotees carrying sacred relics. The vibrant display of faith and culture attracts thousands of spectators each year.
Pilgrimage Site
Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya is a prominent pilgrimage site for Buddhists in Sri Lanka and around the world. Devotees visit the temple to pay homage to the Buddha, seek blessings, and engage in acts of merit. The temple’s serene environment and spiritual significance make it a place of solace and inspiration.
Educational and Cultural Center
In addition to its religious significance, Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya serves as an educational and cultural center. The temple hosts various programs and activities, including Dhamma sermons, meditation retreats, and cultural events. These initiatives promote the teachings of the Buddha and foster a sense of community among the faithful.
Visiting Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya is during the early morning or late afternoon when the temple grounds are less crowded, and the weather is cooler. The annual Duruthu Perahera in January is a particularly special time to visit, as you can witness the grand procession and the temple’s vibrant cultural festivities.
Getting There
Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya is conveniently located about 10 kilometers northeast of Colombo. The temple is easily accessible by road, and you can hire a taxi or take a bus from Colombo. For a more scenic journey, you can also take a train to the nearby Kelaniya Railway Station and then a short tuk-tuk ride to the temple.
Dress Code and Etiquette
When visiting Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya, it is important to dress modestly and respectfully. Wear clothing that covers your shoulders and knees, and remove your shoes before entering the temple premises. It is also customary to make a small offering or donation when visiting the temple.
Photography
Photography is allowed at Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya, but it is important to be respectful and mindful of the sacredness of the site. Avoid using flash photography inside the shrine rooms and refrain from taking photos of people engaged in worship without their permission.
Exploring the Surrounding Area
The Kelani River
The Kelani River, which flows near the temple, adds to the scenic beauty of the area. A leisurely stroll along the riverbanks or a boat ride on the river provides a peaceful escape and offers a different perspective of the temple.
Kelaniya University
The University of Kelaniya, located nearby, is one of Sri Lanka’s premier educational institutions. The university’s lush campus and academic atmosphere make it an interesting place to visit for those interested in higher education and research.
Local Markets and Cuisine
Exploring the local markets near Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya is a great way to experience the vibrant culture and flavors of Sri Lanka. Sample traditional Sri Lankan cuisine, including hoppers, kottu roti, and fresh tropical fruits, at the local eateries and food stalls.
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