Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka

Discovering the Ancient City of Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka

Introduction: A Journey Back in Time

Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Sri Lanka, offers a fascinating glimpse into the island’s rich history and culture. This ancient city, once a thriving kingdom, now stands as a testament to Sri Lanka’s glorious past. Let’s embark on a journey to explore the wonders of Polonnaruwa, uncovering its historical significance, architectural marvels, and the captivating stories etched in its ruins.

Magnificent Beginnings: The Rise of Polonnaruwa

Polonnaruwa became the second capital of Sri Lanka after the fall of Anuradhapura in the 11th century. King Vijayabahu I established Polonnaruwa as the new capital, marking the beginning of a prosperous era. The city flourished under the rule of King Parakramabahu I, who transformed it into a hub of culture, religion, and commerce.

Architectural Marvels: A Glimpse into the Past

Polonnaruwa is renowned for its well-preserved ruins that showcase the architectural brilliance of ancient Sri Lanka. Here are some must-visit sites:

The Royal Palace Complex: The heart of Polonnaruwa’s royal court, this complex includes the grand Audience Hall, adorned with intricate carvings and stone lions, and the majestic Royal Palace of King Parakramabahu I.
Gal Vihara: This rock temple features four stunning Buddha statues carved into a single granite rock, representing different postures: seated, standing, and reclining. These statues are masterpieces of Sinhalese rock carving.
Rankoth Vehera: This massive stupa, built by King Nissanka Malla, stands tall at 54 meters. It’s a significant religious site and a striking example of ancient Sri Lankan stupa architecture.
Lankatilaka Image House: A towering structure housing a colossal Buddha statue, the Lankatilaka Image House is a marvel of brickwork and an essential stop for history enthusiasts.

The Parakrama Samudra: An Engineering Wonder

One of the most impressive feats of Polonnaruwa is the Parakrama Samudra, a vast reservoir built by King Parakramabahu I. This artificial lake, covering an area of 2,500 hectares, not only served as a crucial water source but also highlighted the advanced engineering skills of ancient Sri Lankans. The reservoir is still in use today, providing water for irrigation and sustaining the local ecosystem.

Nature and Wildlife: A Blend of History and Nature

Polonnaruwa is not just about historical sites; it’s also a paradise for nature lovers. The city is surrounded by lush greenery and is home to a variety of wildlife. The Minneriya National Park, located nearby, is famous for its large gatherings of wild elephants, especially during the dry season when they migrate to the Minneriya Tank. Visitors can also spot a range of bird species, making it a perfect spot for bird watching.

Exploring Polonnaruwa: Practical Tips for Travelers

How to Get There: Polonnaruwa is easily accessible by road from major cities like Colombo and Kandy. Regular buses and trains also connect the city to other parts of the island.

Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit Polonnaruwa is during the dry season, from May to September, when the weather is pleasant, and wildlife sightings are more frequent.

Accommodation: From luxury resorts to budget guesthouses, Polonnaruwa offers a range of accommodation options to suit every traveler’s needs.

Guided Tours: To fully appreciate the historical and cultural significance of Polonnaruwa, consider hiring a local guide. They can provide valuable insights and stories that bring the ancient ruins to life.

Conclusion: A Timeless Treasure

Polonnaruwa is a testament to Sri Lanka’s rich heritage and architectural brilliance. Exploring its ancient ruins, marveling at the engineering wonders, and immersing oneself in the natural beauty of the region is an unforgettable experience. Whether you’re a history buff, a nature enthusiast, or a curious traveler, Polonnaruwa promises a journey that transcends time, offering a deeper understanding of Sri Lanka’s glorious past.